By. Umayah Syarifanie, S.Pd
ABSTRACT
The name is very important for a child
or an owner, because it contains the name of hope, memories, beauty, pride,
social class, religious embracement, sex, national origin and so on. However,
many parents do not understand the process of giving a good name for their
children so they create a false perception in terms of meaning and it can
reduce the beauty, decency, or personal image. The purposes of research are:
(1) To identify the type of Arabic Names
used
by parents
in general, (2) To identify the lexical meaning of
Arabic names, and (3) To describe the purpose of giving the Arabic Names on
parents to their babies.
The
research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach with
case study. The subjects of this research are the parents. The researcher uses
purposive sampling technique. The sample of this research are parents with
babies from one month old to 5 years old. To get the data, the researcher uses
observation, interview, and documentation. Then, the data gotten are analyzed
by using three interacting data analysis technique.
The results of the research are: (1) Type of Arabic Name
used by parents in general is divided into four steps, namely the reason chose
of the long name, pattern of long names, origin and social class of Arabic
names. (2) The lexical meaning of Arabic Names about hope, nature, character,
beauty, etc., And (3) The
purpose of giving the Arabic Names on parents to their babies the result of the
analysis show that: The first, the name given is the prayers, wishes, and hopes
of the parent(65%). The second, the using of Arabic Name becomes the identify
that shows the owner is a Moslem. So, the owner is expected be proud with his/
her religion (10%). The third, by giving Arabic Name to their children, the
parent expects that their children have good behavior and attitude, and can be
can give benefits for the environment or society (25%).
The result of this research shows that
the biggest amount is the name given is the prayers, wishes, and hopes of the
parents. The researcher hopes it can increase the research’s knowledge about
language, culture and sociolinguistics study, especially about lexical meaning
used by parents. And the researcher hopes the parents will understand the
process of giving a good name for their children so they create a false
perception in terms of meaning and it can reduce the beauty, decency, or
personal image.
Key Terms : Arabic Names, Lexical Meaning
Background
The
study of language is important. All of people in the world need language
because language is not only used for communication but also used for
expressing feelings. People could express their feeling or something in the
form of the chain of words, phrases or maybe sentences. Furthermore, people use
language to reveal or indicate personal identity, character and background, no
matter whether they consciously or unconsciously do it.
Language is a combination
of words which is arranged
systematically. So, it can be
used as a communication tool. The
word it-self, is an integral
part of the symbols
used by community groups.
According to Sibarani (in Wahyu Wibowo, 2003: 3), “ Simbol adalah sesuatu yang dapat menyimbolkan dan mewakili ide,
pikiran, perasaan, benda, dan tindakan secara arbitrer, konvensional, dan
representatatif-interpretatif.” It means
that the symbol is
something that can represent the feelings, thoughts, actions and
other arbitrary with conventional properties.
According
toYule (2006: 205), “A speech
community is group of people who share a set of norms and expectations
regarding the use of language.” It means that speech community is a group of
people who use the same language. According to Fishman
(in Chaer and Agustina, 1995: 47), “Masyarakat
tutur adalah suatu masyarakat yang anggota-anggotanya setidak-tidaknya mengenal
satu variasi bahasa beserta norma-norma yang sesuai penggunaannya.” It
means that speech community is a group of people or
people who know
one language variation according to linguistic norms.
Language
is the most typical, the most representative, and the most central element in
culture. Language and culture are not separable, it is better to see the
special characteristics of a language as culture entities and to recognize that
language enters into the learning and to use it nearly all other cultural
elements. Culture is the result of creative works
made by human beings. According to Tylor (in Joko Tri Prasetya, 1998: 30), “Culture … is
that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law custom
and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.” It means that the culture as socially acquired
knowledge.
The
use of language in society is very interesting to be learned. To learn the
relationship between the use of language and society, there is special science
used by the scientist. It is sociolinguistics. According to Holmes (2001: 1),
“Sociolinguistics is concerned with the relationship between language and the
context in which it is use.” It means that sociolinguistics is the study
focused on the language used in the society.
One
of the parts of sociolinguistics study is language variation. According to
Holmes (2001: 6) “A variety is a set of linguistics forms used under specific social
circumstances.” It means that, variation in language is focused on the use of
language in particular community and also in different society. For example,
Indonesia, it has
different tribe, culture and society. Therefore,
Indonesia has a wide variety of language, different custom clothing, special food, names of people
in each area,
and so on.
1) Type
of language
In
this world, there are many different languages, and almost every language has
more than one varieties or codes, especially in the way it is spoken. “Variety
is therefore a board term which include different accents, different
linguistics style, different dialects and even different language which
contrast whit each other for social reasons.” (Holmes, 2001: 6). It means that
almost every language has its variety, and the language that has different
accent, dialect, even linguistic style is called language variety. While
Wardhaugh (2006: 25) states:
“Defining variety in terms of a specific
set of ‘linguistic items’ or ‘human speech patterns’ (presumably, sounds,
words, grammatical features, etc.) which we can uniquely associate with some
external factor (presumably, a geographical area or a social group).”
It means that
variety is a specific set of linguistic items or human speech patterns, which
have some external factors.
There are two types of language according to Holmes
(2001: 76):
1. Standard
language
Standard
language is one of kind’s languages according to their status and social
function. According to Holmes (2001: 76), “Standard language is generally one
which is written, and which has undergone some degree of regularization or
codification.” It means that standard language is more used in written language
by linguistics. Yule (2006: 250) states, “Standard language is the variety of
language treated as the official language and used in public broadcasting,
publishing and education.” It means that standard language is a
variation of the language used in formal situations.
From the
statement above, it can be concluded that standard language is used in written
language and it refers to the high language variety and standard language is
more prestigious.
2. Vernacular
The term
vernacular used in number a ways. Vernacular generally refers to a language
which has not been standardized and which does not have official status.
According to Holmes (2001: 74), “Vernaculars are usually the first language
learned by people in multilingual communities, and they are often used for a
relatively narrow range of informal functions.” It means that people in
multilingual communities learn vernacular language in first time they learned
languages. Holmes (2001: 74) adds, “The vernacular is the variety used for
communication in the home and with close friends.” It means that the vernacular
is a variation of the language used for communication
in the home or
close friend.
While Yule (2006: 212) states,
“Vernacular is a general expression for
a kind social dialect, typically spoken by a lower-status group, which is
treated as ‘non-standard’ because of market differences from a socially
prestigious variety treated as the standard language.”
It
means that the vernacular
used by community groups is lower.
Based on statement above, it can be
concluded that vernacular language is unstandardized variety that learned in
first time in local community and it is used as informal language and usually
used at home as daily communication by multilingual communities.
2) Accent
Accent is one of kinds in language
varieties. According to Yule (2006: 195),
“Accent is restricted to the description
of aspect of pronunciation that identify where an individual speaker is from,
regionally or socially. It is different from the term dialect, which is used to
describe features of grammar and vocabulary as well as aspects of pronunciation.”
It means that accent is aspect of
pronunciation that identify where an individual speaker in contrast to dialect.
While Holmes (2001: 147), “Accents are distinguished from each other by
pronunciation alone.” It means that difference variety has difference accent.
According to Wardhaugh (2006: 47), “Any speech that is different from that
constructed norm is called an accent.” It means that accent is any speech that
different and constructed by norm.
Based on the statement above, it can be concluded
that accent is a certain form of spoken language and usually distinguished from
each other by pronunciation alone and it is constructed by norm.
3) Meaning
a. Notion of Meaning
Meaning
is the important part of language. Dwi Setiyadi (1992:2) states, “…three
essential elements of language i.e. speech sounds, human being, and meaning.”
Its mean that meaning is one of important part of language. While Lyons (1997:
136), “Meaning is the idea or concept, which can be transferred from the mind
of the hearer by embodying them, as it well, in the form of on language or
other”. It means that meaning is an idea that must be transferred so the hearer
can sense and understand the message.
Based on the statement above, it
can be concluded that meaning
is one of important part of language and an idea that must be transferred so
the hearer can sense and understand the message.
b. Kinds of Meaning
There four kinds
of meaning that can be presented as follow:
a) Lexical meaning
Nababan (1997: 36) states, “Lexical
meaning is meaning as defined in the dictionary which is not bound to its use
or context”. It means that lexical meaning is a meaning stated in dictionary.
b) Grammatical Meaning
Larson (in Yustri
Mindaryani: 18) states “Grammatical meaning is the meaning expressed by
grammatical ending, word order, or intonation or the part of meaning which
varies from one from of paradigm to other.” it means that grammatical meaning
is the meaning can be known from sentence, clause, and phrase.
c) Textual
Meaning
Rachmadie et.al. (1999: 412)
states, “Textual meaning is a meaning that is determined by the text or
discourse”. It means that textual meaning is a meaning that bases on the text.
d) Contextual
or Situational Meaning
Kridalaksana (1993: 133) states,
“Contextual meaning is a meaning which is obtained from the relationship
between the statement is used”. It means that a contextual meaning is a meaning
that bases on the situation in which the word is used.
Based on the statement above, it
can be concluded there are four types of meaning as
follow: lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, textual meaning and contextual or
situational meaning.
4) Culture
Language
is the verbal expression of culture. Culture is the idea, custom and beliefs of
a community with a distinct language containing semantics - everything a
speakers can think about and every way they have of thinking about things as
medium of communication. According to Troike (Mckay and Hornberger, 1996: 353),
“Although other
sociolinguists have focused on variability in pronunciation and grammatical
form, ethnographers of communication are concerned with how communicative
situations and events are organized and with how patterns in communication
interrelate in a systematic way with — and derive meaning from other aspects of
culture.”
It means that
sociolinguistic
aspects of
communication
are
also
learning
about culture.
1.
Culture is a kind of social inheritance instead of biological
heritage;
2.
Culture is shared by the whole community, not belonging to
any particular individual;
3.
Culture is a symbolic meaning system in which language is one
of the most important ones;
4.
Culture is a unified system, the integral parts of which are
closely related to one another.
It means that culture
is marked by a
kind of social heritage of the entire population, where the language
is a symbolic system
that is tightly bound to each other.
According
to Taylor (in Joko Tri Prasetya, 1998: 30), “Culture is that complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other
capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.” It means that culture
is a complex whole,
the knowledge contained
therein, belief, art,
morals, laws, customs and other capabilities, as
well as human habits as a society.
While Gibb (in Joko Tri Prasetya, 1998: 48), “Islam is indeed much more than a
system of theology, it is a complete civilization.” It means that Islam provides a
complete basis for the culture and civilization.
Based
on the statement above, it can be concluded that culture is a system of symbolic meaning. This
is a semiotic system in which the symbol function to communicate the meaning of one mind to
another, and culture is a complex
whole, the knowledge
contained therein, belief, art, morals, laws,
customs and other capabilities, as well as human habits as a society.
6) Arabic Term Fore Names
Arabic
first names (or Muslim first names) are names that are used predominately in
the Muslim world. Most of the names are Arabic, though some names are not.
According to (http://www.zelo.com/firstnames/names/arabic.asp,
accessed
on Tuesday, March 27, 2012), “Arabic names usually embody goodness and beauty in the
name. It is believed in the Muslim
culture that on judgment day you will be called by your name. A baby may not be
called the name Allah unless it is combined with another name (Abdullah).
Although names in the Arabic community convey virtues and beauty (of nature)
they should not under any circumstances reflect love or romance.” It means that
culture of Muslims believe
that Arabic names are usually manifest in
the name of goodness and beauty. Although the name
of the Arab community expressed not
reflect the virtues and beauty of love and
romance.
According to
Thatcher (in Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Pengajarannya, 2003: 57), “Ada tujuh aturan pemberian nama, yaitu: (1)
nama harus berharga, (2) nama harus mengandung makna yang baik, (3) nama harus
asli, (4) nama harus mudah dihafalkan, (5) nama harus bersifat membedakan, (6)
nama harus cocok dengan nama keluarga, (7) nama harus menunjukan jenis
kelamin.” It means that when giving name to the babies
there are some rules, so that the name given to the owner will be useful later.
According to
Muhammad Ibrahim Salim (2010: 33), “Aneh,
sedikit sekali dari mereka yang mengucapkan nama-nama itu yang mereka ketahui
artinya. Bahkan mereka mengira nama-nama itu ibarat alunan lagu yang lembut
semata, konstruksi huruf yang disuka dan bentuk kata pilihan.” It means that many people who do
not know the meaning of the name it-self. For parents who want to give names to their children might
consider long patterns.
Accoding to Mahfan (2008: 3-5),
1.
Menggabungkan dua
kata atau lebih tanpa memedulikan rangkaian maknanya. Maka tiap-tiap kata yang
digabung telah berdiri sendiri.
Contoh:
Muhammad Nashir
Muhammad =
yang terpuji
Nashir =
yang menolong
2.
Memakai pola kata
sifat dan disifati (naat dan man’ut), yakni menggabungkan dua kata yang terdiri
dari kata sifat dan kata yang disifatinya.
Contoh:
Zaim Adil
Zaim = pemimpin
Adil = yang
adil
3.
Menggunakan pola
subjek dan predikat atau pelengkap (mubtada dan khabar). Predikat dapat berupa
kata sifat (naat) atau gabungan kata (idhofah)
Contoh:
Abdurrahman Mumtaz =
Hamba Allah yang maha pengasih yang istimewa atau unggul
Abdurrahman =
subjek
Mumtaz =
predikat/ prlrngkap
4.
Menggunakan pola
idhafah, yakni menggabungkan dua kata menjadi kata majemuk.
Contoh:
Din+Allah : Dinillah = agama Allah
5.
Membuat variasi
rangkaian nama dengan mencantumkan nama besar keluarga, gelar bangsawanan,
marga, atau suku.
Based on the
statement above, it can be concluded that many older people have a
tendency to give their children names with long names, or more than one word.
Discussion
A. Type of Arabic Name
Used by Parents in General
From the result of the research, ten
parents give babies to their children with more than one word.
Perhaps, it is related to the notion that long name more trendy. The type of Arabic name
used by parents in general, can be seen as follow:
1.
The advantages of the Long Name
The long name actually has some
important advantages compared to the short name.
The reasons can be seen below:
a.
The long name has a
meaning more perfect than the short name.
Example:
Fariz = Horsman
The
names above would
be perfect
if:
Fariz Abdurrahman = Servant
of Allah who rides a horse.
b.
The long name has many alternative of
nicknames
Example:
Nur Hidayati Ramadhani = The
light guided in Ramadan.
(The
meaning can be seen on Table 6)
The
nick name can be Nur, Hidayati,
or Ramadhani.
c.
The long name can eliminate the
impression of unnecessary additional names.
Example:
Aisylestia Zahra Tusyifa (The
meaning can
be seen on Table 6)
d.
The name contains prayers and
expectation for the owner's name. So, the long name contains more wishes and
expectation than the short name.
Example:
Salsabila Wafa Syahbani (The
meaning can be seen on Table 6)
2.
Pattern of Long
Name
The
parents who want to
give long names to their children
can considerate the patterns below:
a.
Combining two or
more words, without taking care of
the series of meanings. It can be said that, is independent. So, if there are
three words in a name there will be three different meaning of each word.
Example:
Aisylestia Zahra Tusyifa. (The
meaning can be seen on Table 6)
b.
Using adjectives and
attributes, which combines two
words consist of adjectives and words attribute.
Example:
Muhammad Ad-Har
Muhammad = Commend able (Noun are attributed)
Ad- Har = Visible (Adjective)
c.
Using subjects,
predicates or complements. Predicate can be either an adjective or words
combination.
Example:
AzizahSalsabila .(The
meaning can be seen on Table 6)
d.
Making the variations
of the name by using the name of the big family,
nobles, clan or tribe.
Example:
Mustaqim = Path of Straight
This
name contains a
wish that the owners of
the name always on the right path
in life. The other name that become the comparison is Mustaqim Dimas Subakti. (The meaning can be seen on Table 6)
3.
Origin
Table 5 The Name of Babies – Origin
|
No.
|
The Name of Babies
|
Origin
|
|
1.
|
Nur
Hidayati Ramadhani
|
·
Nur = Arabic
·
Hidayah = Arabic
·
Ramadhan = Arabic
|
|
2.
|
Aisylestia
Zahra Tusyifa
|
·
Aisy = Arabic
·
Lestia = Javanese
·
Zahra = Arabic
·
Tu = Javanese
·
Syifa = Arabic
|
|
3.
|
Fariz
Abdurrahman
|
·
Fariz = Arabic
·
Abdu = Arabic
·
Rahman = Arabic
|
|
4.
|
Salsabila
Wafa Syahbani
|
·
Salsa = Spanish
·
Bila = adv (Indonesian)
·
Wafa = Arabic, Persian
·
Syah = Persian
·
Bani = Arabic
|
|
5.
|
Humaira’
|
·
Humaira’= Arabic
|
|
6.
|
Ainur
Mukhlisin
|
·
Ai = Japanese
·
Nur = Arabic
·
Mukhlis = Arabic
|
|
7.
|
Azizah
Salsabila
|
·
Azizah =
·
Salsa = Spanish
·
Bila = Adv (Indonesian)
|
|
8.
|
Muhammad
Ad-Har
|
·
Muhammad = Arabic
·
Adhar = Arabic
|
|
9.
|
Faishal
Hikaru Yosayuka
|
·
Faishal =
arabic
·
Hikaru =
japanese
·
Yosayuka =
Japanese
|
|
10.
|
Mustaqim
Dimas Subakti
|
·
Mustaqim =
Arabic
·
Dimas =
Javanese
·
Su = Javanese
·
Bakti =
Javanese
|
4.
Social Classes of Arabic Names
From the results of
the research conducted by the researcher, it can be concluded that each parent has
a different opinion about the meaning of the name that
is given to their babies. For
example, the parents who have a higher educational
status (S1), have
a better opinion. They more
concern on the names of which appropriate
/ good for their
babies. So, they will really know
meaning of the name which is given to
their babies. Different which the parents who graduate from Junior
High School/ Senior High School.
When they give name to their baby,
most of them do not know the meaning of the
name. it happens because, they know the name from the children of the other
people. For example, the name “Salsabila”
if they think that the name is good or sound’s good, the will have an idea to
give name their babies with that name although they don’t know the meaning.
Sometimes do not ask the meaning of the name because they assume that the name
surely has a good meaning. Especially, for the Arabic names. They argue that
the Arabic name sound more beautiful and have good meaning because there are
taken from Al-Qur’an.
B. The Lexical Meaning of Arabic Names
People recognize that the name has a
close relationship with the object reference and the person who own it. The
name is very important for the owner, so that everyone would feel annoyed if
his name is written or spoken in completely. Below is the lexical meanings of
the babies name from the result of research.
Table 6 Data From the Lexical
Meaning of the Babies Names
|
No.
|
The Name of
Babies
|
Lexical Meaning
|
|
1.
|
Nur
Hidayati Ramadhani
|
·
Nur = Cahaya
·
Hidayah =
Petunjuk
·
Ramadhan =
Bulan Ramadhan
|
|
2.
|
Aisylestia
Zahra Tusyifa
|
·
Aisy = Kaya,
Hidup
·
Lestia =
Cantik, Rupawan
·
Zahra = Bunga
·
Tu = Tanpa
makna
·
Syfa = Obat
|
|
3.
|
Fariz
Abdurrahman
|
·
Fariz =
Penunggang Kuda
·
Abdu = Hamba,
Abdi
·
Rahman = Belas
Kasihan
|
|
4.
|
Salsabila
Wafa Syahbani
|
·
Salsa = Rasa
Pedas
·
Bila = tanpa
makna
·
Wafa =
kesempurnaan, setia
·
Syah = Raja
·
Bani =
keturunan
|
|
5.
|
Humaira’
|
·
Humaira’à Humraa = Pipinya yang merah merona (Reddish check)
|
|
6.
|
Ainur
Mukhlisin
|
·
Ai = Cinta
·
Nur = Cahaya
·
Mukhlis =
Ikhlas
|
|
7.
|
Azizah
Salsabila
|
·
Azizah = Mulia
·
Salsa = Rasa Pedas
·
Bila = tanpa
makna
|
|
8.
|
Muhammad
Ad-Har
|
·
Muhammad = dia
yanag terpuji
·
Adhar =
Nampak, Nyata
|
|
9.
|
Faishal
Hikaru Yosayuka
|
·
Faishal =
Pemimpin
·
Hikaru =
Berkilau, bersinar
·
Yosayuka
= Kebaika
|
|
10.
|
Mustaqim
Dimas Subakti
|
·
Mustaqim =
Jalam yang lurus
·
Dimas = Adik
laki- laki
·
Su = Baik/
Kelebihan
·
Bakti =
Berbakti
|
C. The
Purpose of Giving the Arabic Names on Parents to Their Babies
The name is very important for a
child or an owner, because it contains the name of hope, memories, beauty,
pride, to show the level of social, embraced religion, sex, national origin and
so on. The process of naming is an activity which is always done by the parents
to their children. However, many parents do not understand the process of
giving a good name for their children so they created a false perception in
terms of meaning and it can reduce the beauty, decency, or personal image.
The Arabic Name are mostly used by
Moslem Families to give name to their newborn children. This option is done for
specific purposes: The first, the name given is the prayers, wishes, and hopes
of the parent (65%). The second, the using of Arabic Name becomes the identify
that shows the owner is a Moslem. So, the owner is expected be proud with his/
her religion (10%). The third, by giving Arabic Name to their children, the
parent expects that their children have good behavior and attitude, and can be
can give benefits for the environment or society (25%).
Conclussion
From the results of the
research conducted by the researcher, it can be concluded that each parent has
a different opinion about the meaning of the name that is given to their
babies. For example, the parents who have a higher educational status (S1),
have a better opinion. They more concern on the names of which appropriate /
good for their babies. So, they will really know meaning of the name which is
given to their babies. Different which the parents who graduate from Junior
High School/ Senior High School. When they give name to their baby, most of
them do not know the meaning of the name. They only argue that the Arabic name sound more
beautiful and have good meaning because there are taken from Al-Qur’an.
From
ten babies name which have been researched by the research, it can be concluded
that the names given by the parents to their babies have origin as following :
Arabic – Arabic, Arabic – Javanese, Arabic - Arabic, Spanish – Indonesian – Arabic
– Persian, , Arabic, Japanese – Arabic, Arabic – Spanish – Indonesian, Arabic –
Arabic, Arabic – Japanese, Arabic – Javanese. People recognize that the name has a close relationship with
the object reference and the person who own it. The name is very important for
the owner, so that everyone would feel annoyed if his name is written or spoken
in completely. Below is the lexical meanings of the babies name from the result
of research which consist of 1 the name of natures, 1 the name of family, 7 the
name of hopes, and 1 the name of characters. The Arabic Name are mostly used by
Moslem Families to give name to their newborn children. This option is done for
specific purposes: The first, the name given is the prayers, wishes, and hopes
of the parent (65%). The second, the using of Arabic Name becomes the identify
that shows the owner is a Moslem. So, the owner is expected be proud with his/
her religion (10%). The third, by giving Arabic Name to their children, the
parent expects that their children have good behavior and attitude, and can be
can give benefits for the environment or society (25%).
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